Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) Practice Test

During the primary survey of a trauma patient, you note that the patient is agitated and confused, and has multiple injuries from an altercation. Which of the following choices is the most appropriate first treatment priority?

1. Blood glucose determination

2. Correction of possible hypoxia

3. Full immobilization to a backboard

4. Obtain intravenous access

The correct answer is: Correction of possible hypoxia

The most appropriate first treatment priority in this scenario is the correction of possible hypoxia. In trauma patients, altered mental status, such as agitation and confusion, can significantly indicate inadequate oxygenation of the brain, commonly seen in cases of hypoxia. Ensuring that the patient receives sufficient oxygen is critical, as hypoxia can lead to irreversible brain injury and deterioration of the patient’s condition. Establishing a patent airway and providing supplemental oxygen can quickly address hypoxic conditions and improve the patient's mental status, which is vital in the context of multiple injuries. Immediate action to correct hypoxia not only helps stabilize the patient but also allows for a more accurate assessment and treatment of their other injuries. While other options may be relevant as part of an ongoing treatment plan, none take precedence over addressing potential hypoxia. Blood glucose determination, full immobilization, and obtaining intravenous access are all important interventions, but they are secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation in an agitated and confused patient who is likely at risk for compromised breathing or circulation due to their injuries.